true and
false.
bool type-name.
bool is_positive(int x)
if x > 0
return true
else
return false
|
bool is_positive(int x) return x > 0
|
false.
true.
Zero values convert to false.
Non-zero values convert to true.
false converts to 0.
true converts to 1.
if count(a, x, n) // one or more x in a. else // no x in a.
|
if count(a, x, n) != 0 // one or more x in a. else // no x in a.
|
int found = 0;bool done = false;
&&, or ||,
and negation !.
| with bang !.
! high, &&, and || low, all lower
than most other operators.
not x > 7 && y > 7 || x + y > 14 ((((not x) > 7) && (y > 7)) || (x + y > 14))
(x <= 7 && y > 7) || (x + y > 14)
and for &&, or for ||, and not for !.
if !done && !is.eof() { ... }
if not done and not is.eof() { ... }
and, or, and not are not available as
names.
and and or behave almost the same way as the mathematical
and and or.
|
|
b if
possible.
bool and(bool a, bool b) if not a return false else if b return true else return false
|
bool or(bool a, bool b) if a return true else if b return true else return false
|
while (ptr and ptr->value != x) ptr++; while (i < n and a[i] != x) i++;
b is a function.
if x < 10 and f(x) > 20 { ... }
f() may or may not be called.
f() must be side-effect free (no I-O in particular).
char type-name.
signed and unsigned modifiers
with char.
typedef unsigned char byte;
long, int (the default), and short.
long long to give a true long integer.
signed (the default) and unsigned.
sizeof(short) <= sizeof(int) <= sizeof(long) < sizeof(long long)
Any other requirements you should establish explicitly in your program (or elsewhere).
if sizeof(long long) != 8 std::cerr "long long ints aren't eight bytes" exit(1)
typedef signed char s_1byte typedef short s_2byte typedef int s_4byte typedef long long s_8byte
i = 65535 j = 1 if (j > i) std::cerr << "?\n";
|
if (i > i + 1) std::cerr << "!\n";
|
65535 into a (signed) short sets the sign bit, turning the
value into -1.
int values.
int values, if needed.
float, double (the default), and
long double.
if (x > y) { ... } if (x == y) { ... }
if (x - y > 0.001) { ... }
if (tabs(x - y) < 0.0001) { ... }
This page last modified on 9 September 2003.